The rush to ethanol: not all biofuels are created equal - Analysis and recommendations for U.S. biofuels policy

Jul 2007

Corn-based ethanol has emerged as a leading contender to reduce dependence on fossil fuel–based gasoline. At first glance, corn-based ethanol seems simple, even patriotic: take the sugar from corn that U.S. farmers grow, and ferment it with yeast to distill basically the same stuff found in alcoholic beverages. By products, such as distiller’s grain and corn gluten, serve as livestock feed and help offset refining costs. The industry claims that ethanol blends will lower tailpipe emissions, promote energy independence, and revitalize rural America.
Farmers and investors envision a new gold rush. Ethanol production is registering record growth rates, and reached nearly five billion gallons in 2006. Dozens of new ethanol refineries are being constructed, with production capacity forecast to double as early as 2008. President Bush intensified this momentum in his 2007 State of the Union address with a call to produce 35 billion gallons of alternative fuels by 2017 – a fivefold increase from the currently established goals.
However, according to the authors, the leading raw material for ethanol in the United States, corn, is among the least efficient, most polluting, and overall least sustainable biofuel feedstocks.
This report reviews scientific evidence and concludes that corn-based ethanol is not the silver bullet everyone is seeking.

By: Food & Water Watch, Network for New Energy Choices, Vermont Law School

 
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